This cyst is the most common nonodontogenic, developmentalevolutionary cyst of the oral cavity 3 and is also known as the incisive canal cyst, anterior palatine cyst and the median anterior maxillary cyst 4. At present according to the classification of the world health. F sagital reconstruction of tcfc show a normal incisive canal, without nasopalatine cyst. As the palatal processes elevate and fuse in the midline, epithelium that remains in the oral cavity forms this cyst. The nasopalatine duct cyst npdc is an intraosseous, developmental, epithelial, nonneoplastic cyst that is considered to be the most common nonodontogenic cyst of the midline of the anterior palate. This cysts are usually central or unilateral with no prevalence of side occurrence. Nasopalatine duct cyst, also termed as incisive canal cyst, arises from embryogenic remnants of nasopalatine duct, the communication between the nasal cavity and anterior maxilla in the developing fetus. Nasopalatine canal npc incisive canal morphology is important for oral surgery techniques carried out on the maxilla, in the treatment of naso palatine cyst, palatal pathologies that require a surgical intervention. Radiology of cysts of the jaws columbia university. It is considered the most common nonodontogenic cyst and develops only in the midline anterior maxilla. Ct analysis of a complicated nasopalatine duct cyst.
The nasopalatine duct cyst npdc was first described by meyer in 1914 1, 2. Nasopalatine duct cysts npdcs, also known as incisive canal cysts, are the most common nonodontogenic cyst of the gnathic bones. Nasopalatine duct cyst with a supernumerary tooth can be observed as an extremely rare event. Pdf nasopalatine duct cyst is an intraossseous developmental cyst of the midline of the anterior palate. Even though definitive diagnosis of a meyer in 1914 was believed to arise from remnants nasopalatine cyst is more easily made on plain of nasopalatine duct, an embryologic structure a 5 year old male patient reported to the out films, other advanced imaging modalities such as. D partial patent nasopalatine duct with oral opening. These cysts are usually asymptomatic, but the most commonly reported clinical symptom is swelling in the anterior part of the palate, just behind the palatal papilla. Nasopalatine duct cyst or nasopalatine canal cyst is a common intra ossseous developmental cyst occurring in the midline of maxillary anterior region. The cyst arises from epithelial remnants from the nasopalatine duct.
The world health organization classified the nasopalatine duct cyst as a developmental, epithelial, nonodontogenic cyst of the maxilla. Jan 25, 2015 nasopalatine duct cyst was described by meyer for the first time in 1914 1,2. Nasopalatine duct cyst, epithelial remnants, radiographically, enucleation introduction the nasopalatine duct cyst npdc was first described by meyer in 1914. Enucleation introduction nasopalatine duct cyst was first described by meyer in 1914. Clinical, tomographic and histopathological aspects of the. When cyst occurs in the soft tissues of the palate, at the opening of the canal, it is called the cyst of the palatine papilla 15. These lesions, also known by other names such as anterior middle cyst, maxillary midline cyst, anterior middle palatine cyst, and incisor duct cyst. Anatomical evaluation of nasopalatine canal on cone beam. The nasopalatine duct cyst npdc was first described by meyer in 1914. Pdf nasopalatine duct cyst diagnosis, treatment and.
Additionally large unilocular kcots and cystic ameloblastoma are indistinguishable on xray 3, 68, 11. Radiographically the nasopalatine duct cyst is a welldemarcated radiolucency in the midline of the palate, apical to the central incisor teeth. Due to its specific anatomical location and its proximity to the upper central incisors, this lesion is often confused with periapical cysts, which leads to difficulties in establishing the best therapy by the clinician. Pdf nasopalatine duct cysts are the most common of developmental nonodontogenic cysts in the oral cavity and represent 10% of maxillary cysts. Trauma, infection, and mucous retention within associated salivary gland ducts have all been suggested as possible pathogenetic factors.
Nasopalatine duct cysts are the most common of developmental nonodontogenic cysts in the oral cavity and represent 10% of maxillary cysts. Nasopalatine duct cysts npdcs are almost three times more common in males than in females 2, 6, 11, and show a predilection for caucasian individuals 7. Pdf nasopalatine duct cyst a case report top journal. Most of these cysts develop in the midline of anterior maxilla near the incisive foramen. An erroneous interpretation of cystic radiolucency in relation to maxillary central incisors can often lead to inappropriate treatment planning. The lucency varies from round to oval or heartshaped. However, the information reported about this lesion consists primarily of small surveys and. Aug 30, 2017 the cause of nasopalatine duct cyst is essentially unknown. Nasopalatine duct cyst international journal of applied dental. Nasopalatine duct cyst incisive canal cyst the incisive canal is a midline bony canal, single or paired that traverses the anterior maxilla connecting the floor of the nasal cavity with the anterior hard palate. The nasopalatine duct cyst npdc is a developmental cyst of the anterior palates midline, usually presenting as an asymptomatic swelling located just behind the maxillary central incisors.
Other names were also used for the lesion such as maxillary midline cyst, anterior midline cyst, and incisive duct cyst and anterior middle palatine cyst. The cyst is located very near to the teeth but its origin is not related to the tooth. The oral entry to the canal is the anterior palatine foramen. It originates in the midline of the palate, the front part of the roof of the mouth. The clinical presentation was of intermittent palatal swelling and the diagnosis was confirmed with radiological and histological examination. A 59yearold white female patient was attended by the oral pathology service to evaluate painful swelling in the anterior palate. Nasopalatine duct cyst presents in the fourth to sixth decades of life with a male predilection. During embryonic development, the nasopalatine duct connects the oral and nasal cavities. Its etiology remains uncertain, although its development arising from the proliferation of epithelial remnants of the nasopalatine duct is a likely hypothesis 1, 3. Rarely, may develop within incisive papilla, the anterior soft tissue protruberance that overlies the incisive foramen.
Case report keratocystic odontogenic tumor simulating. Mar 04, 2010 nasopalatine duct cysts npdcs, also known as incisive canal cysts, are the most common nonodontogenic cyst of the gnathic bones. Nasopalatine duct cyst article about nasopalatine duct cyst. Nasopalatine duct cyst occurs in the median of the palate within the incisive canal, which is located in the palatine process, posterior to the alveolar process of the upper maxillary central incisors.
Nonodontogenic cyst nasopalatine duct cyst derived from embryonic epithelial residues in nasopalatine canal or from epithelium included in lines of fusion of embryonic facial process may be occur within the nasopalatine canal or in soft tissues of the palate at the opening of the canal cyst of palatine papiilla 92. The nasopalatine cyst is the most common epithelial and nonodontogenic cyst of the maxilla. Symptomatic lesions can be associated with pain and swelling. Radiographically, it appears as a welldefined oval, round or heart shaped radiolucency located in. When a kcot develops in the maxillary midline that may be misdiagnosed as a nasopalatine duct cyst. Some doubt the existence of median palatine cyst as a distinct entity and characterize all nonodontogenic cysts of the midline maxilla regardless of anterior or midline location, as nasopalatine duct cysts. Kcot that simulating lateral periodontal cyst and nasopalatine duct cyst and provides an overview on clinical and histopathologic features, treatment and the prognosis of these lesions. It is accounting for between 3 and 12% of operated cysts of the jaw with maximum incidences are seen in. Diagnosis and surgical management of nasopalatine duct cysts. An unusually large destructive nasopalatine duct cyst. The cyst is situated in, or near the incisive canals, just behind the maxillary central incisors, and can be seen on radiographs in.
Periapical cyst periapical cysts, also known as radicular cysts, are the most frequent cystic lesion related to teeth see mandibular lesions and result from. If kcot is localized between the roots of teeth, it may simulate lateral periodontal or lateral radicular cysts. The nasopalatine duct cyst npdc also known as nasopalatine cyst is a developmental, nonneoplastic cyst that is considered to be the most common nonodontogenic cyst. Nasopalatine duct cysts usually present as unilateral pathology, but they may. It is one of the most common non odontogenic cysts. Nasopalatine cyst a b s t r a c t nasopalatine duct cyst also known as nasopalatine cyst is a developmental, epithelial, nonneoplastic cyst that is considered to be the most common nonodontogenic cyst in the maxillofacial region. Incisive canal cyst incisive canal cysts, also known as nasopalatine duct cysts npdc, are developmental, nonneoplastic cysts arising from degeneration of nasopalat. Superficial swelling is usually fluctuant and blue if the cyst is near the surface.
The cells may be activated spontaneously during life or are eventually stimulated by the irritating action of various agents infection, etc. Studies have reported that the nasopalatine duct cysts npdcs are the most common developmental, epithelial, and nonodontogenic cysts of the oral cavity 1, 2, representing up to 1% of all maxillary cysts 1, 5. Anatomy and morphology of the nasopalatine canal using. The persistence of ductal epithelium leads to formation of cyst. The incidence of persistent nasopalatine duct in the general population is unknown but, given the almost complete lack of symptoms prior to orthodontic treatment, it is pos. The nasopalatine duct cyst npdc occurs in the median of the palate, usually anterior to first molars. These cysts are usually asymptomatic unless they are secondarily infected. The nasopalatine duct cyst npdc represents about 1.
It is one of many pathologic processes that may occur within the jawbones, but it is unique in that it develops in only a single location, in the midline anterior maxilla. The best we know, there is only one report in literature which nasopalatinal duct cyst concurrent with a mesiodens in a case. However, in our study, npdcs affected both males and females equa lly, with only a slight predominance among the former. Nasopalatine duct cyst is the most common nonodontogeniccyst of the oral cavity occring in general population.
This type of cyst is rare in children and should not be excluded from a differential diagnosis in younger age groups. The nasopalatine duct cyst occurs in the nasopalatine or incisive canal, and it may be difficult to decide on a radiograph whether radiolucency in that area is a cyst or a large incisive foramen. It is also known by other names such as anterior middle cyst, maxillary midline cyst, anterior middle palatine cyst, and incisor duct cyst 3. Nasopalatine duct cysts usually present as unilateral pathology, but they may also occur bilaterally approximately 0. Anatomy and morphology of the nasopalatine canal using cone. Radiographically, it may often appear as a heartshaped radiolucency. One branch of the pterygopalatine ganglion trigeminal nerve, maxillary branch, longer and larger than the others, is named the nasopalatine nerve sometimes called the long sphenopalatine nerve. A nasopalatine duct or incisive canal cyst is the most common nonodontogenic cyst of the oral cavity and occurs in 1% of the population.
Nov 04, 20 the nasopalatine cyst is the most common epithelial and nonodontogenic cyst of the maxilla. The cyst is believed to arise from rests of the nasopalatine duct epithelium. The nasopalatine duct cyst was first described by meyer in 1914 1. Nasopalatine duct cyst is the most common nonodontogenic cyst of the jaws. A developmental cyst, the nasopalatine duct cyst is believed to arise from epithelial remnants of the nasopalatine duct, the communication between. Presentation may be asymptomatic or include swelling, pain, and drainage. It was believed to arise from remnants of the nasopalatine duct, an embryologic structure connecting the oral and nasal cavities in the area of incisive canal 3, 4. Differential diagnosis for incisive channel cysts escipub. The nasopalatine cyst is the most frequently occurring developmental, non odontogenic epithelial cyst of the oral cavity that usually occurs in the maxilla. After performing biopsies and ultimately surgery, a histopathological examination was performed on the lesion.
It is usually asymptomatic, but may sometimes produce an elevation in the anterior portion of the palate. Npdc can be superficial or deep based on the location of the cyst. It is one of the most common nonodontogenic cyst, comprising 10% of jaw cysts and occurring in 1 of every 100 persons with a slight. Prevalence, distribution, and differential diagnosis of. E remnants of the nasopalatine duct in the form of epithelial cords, eventually presenting on the inside of the duct. Both patients did well with no evidence of recurrence. Surgical enucleation of the cyst is the main stay of treatment. Nasopalatine duct cyst is a common developmental, epithelial, benign concancerous cysts that are considered to be the most common 32. It is considered the most common nonodontogenic cyst and develops only in the. A nasopalatine cyst is defined as a developmental cyst that occurs in nose and palate region. Nasopalatine duct cyst occurs in approximately 1% of the population. The nasopalatine duct cyst described first by the incisive papilla.
It often appears between the roots of the maxillary central incisors. It is unique in that it develops in only a single location the midline anterior maxilla. A developmental cyst, the nasopalatine duct cyst is believed to arise from epithelial remnants of the nasopalatine duct, the communication between the nasal cavity and anterior maxilla in the developing fetus. Nasopalatine nerve an overview sciencedirect topics. Cysts can be congenital but are usually acquired, the most common. According to shear and speight,7 a radiographic shadow. A case of a nasopalatine duct cyst is reported in an 8. The nasopalatine duct cyst is the most common nonodontogenic developmental cysts.
Nasopalatine duct cyst europe pmc article europe pmc. Ct through the hard palate demonstrates a sharply marginated cystic space in the region of the incisive canal, consistent with a nasopalatine duct cyst. Nasopalatine duct cyst is the most common non odontogeniccyst of the oral cavity occring in general population. It is usually asymptomatic, but may sometimes produce an elevation in the anterior portion of the. Nasopalatine duct cyst occurs in the median of the palate. A, b and c axial, sagittal and coronal reconstructions slices. Nasopalatine duct cysts are the most common cystic lesion of nonodontogenic origin of the maxilla. At present, according to the classification of the world health organization. The nasopalatine duct can be divided into two types. Nasopalatine duct cyst also termed as incisive canal. Incisive canal cysts, also known as nasopalatine duct cysts npdc, are developmental, nonneoplastic cysts arising from degeneration of nasopalatine ducts.
Introduction a cyst is defined as a pathological cavity lined by a membrane and may contain liquid or semisolid material 3. The nasopalatine duct cyst npdc is the most common of the nonodontogenic cyst of the jaws. Our case report presents an expanded nasopalatine duct cyst that includes a supernumerary tooth. Here we report the case of a 16 year old female patient with npdc. The cyst is so common, in fact, that it will affect approximately one out of every one hundred persons. The cyst originates from epithelial remnants from the nasopalatine duct. The nasopalatine duct cyst npdc was first described in 1914 by meyer 2. In a microscopic examination, cyst epithelium can be seen from stratified, squamous to simple cubic. Nasopalatine duct cyst is the most common nonodontogenic cyst of maxillary intraosseous cyst. Since the palatal swelling persisted, the lesion was reevaluated using relevant diagnostic aids and a diagnosis of nasopalatine duct cyst npdc was made, which was missed during the initial assessment. The organization and function of the vomeronasal system.
Keratocystic odontogenic tumor, lateral periodontal cyst, nasopalatine duct cyst. Nasopalatine duct cyst associated with dental implant. Case report keratocystic odontogenic tumor simulating lateral. The nasopalatine duct cyst npdc is the most common cyst of nonodontogenic origin in the maxilla. Several authors have reported different dimensions of radiolucency as diagnostic of the cyst. The nasopalatine duct cyst npdc is an intraosseous developmental cyst of the midline of the anterior palate. Cysts are the common pathologies found in the oral cavity. Presentation may be asymptomatic or include swelling, pain, and drainage from the hard palate. The morphology of npc was classified in sagittal, coronal and axial planes on the cone beam computed tomography cbct. Nasopalatine cysts are believed to develop from epithelial remnants of paired embryonic nasopalatine ducts within the incisive canal. A developmental cyst, the nasopalatine duct cyst is believed to arise from epithelial remnants of the. Nasopalatine duct cyst occurs in the median of the palate within the incisive canal, which is located in the palatine process, posterior to the. Nasopalatine duct cyst med oral patol oral cir bucal. A nasopalatine is the most commonly occurring non dental cyst.
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